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The Best of GAP

This publication includes the best articles from the first ten Gap Analysis Bulletins.

If you would like to read a specific article, click on its title in the table of contents below.

You can download a pdf version of each chapter by clicking on the chapter title.

You can download the entire book (18 mb zip folder).

Chapter 1: Conservation	Page
Gap Analysis as Applied Conservation Biology Reed Noss and Allen Cooperrider	2
Gap Analysis and the Natural Heritage Data Centers Robert E. Jenkins, Jr.	3
Some Scales for Describing Biodiversity Michael Jennings	7
Refuge Gap: A GAP Decision Support System for Refuge Planning Margo Herdendorf and Patrick Crist	8
Predictive Modeling of Rare Plant Species Walter Fertig	12
Designing Regional Conservation Portfolios: Filling the Gaps David M. Stoms, Frank Davis, and Sandy Andelman	15
Gap Analysis of the Flora of Wyoming Walter Fertig and Robert Thurston	19
Chapter 2: Mapping
Hexagons: A New Way to Display Predicted Distributions of Vertebrate Species Larry Masters and Michael Jennings	27
Evaluations of AVHRR-derived Data for Vegetation Classification and Monitoring of Landscapes Dave Verbyla	28
MRLC Update and New Rules for TM Access: The Landsat Program Management Agreement Pete Campbell	29
The Ecological Society of America's Vegetation Classification Panel Michael Jennings	31
Landscape Information Infrastructure in Pennsylvania Wayne Myers, Robert Brooks, Gerald Storm, and Joseph Bishop	33
Point Sampling Surveys with GPS-logged Aerial Videography Dana Slaymaker	36
Land Management Status Categorization in Gap Analysis: A Potential Enhancement Patrick Crist, Julie Prior-Magee, and Bruce Thompson	39
A Preliminary Comparison of MMU Aggregation Procedures for Raster Data Richard Thompson, Rob Dzur, and W. Fredrick Limp	42
Species Occurrence: What, Why, and Where Randall Boone, Bill Krohn	46
Mapping the Kansas Grasslands: A Multi-Seasonal Approach Stephen Egbert, Chris Lauver, Clayton Blodgett, Kevin Price, and Ed Martinko	50
A Preliminary Analysis of GAP Land Cover Mapping Procedures Marlen Eve and Jim Merchant, and K.C. Kroll	54
Regionalizing State-Level Data Patrick Crist and Michael Jennings	56
Progressing Toward a Standardized Classification of Vegetation for the U.S . Michael Jennings	59
Use of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Easements for the South Dakota GAP Stewardship Layer Dorothy Dateo, Michael Estey, Kenneth Higgins, Jonathan Jenks, and Rex Johnson	64
An Alternative Approach to Land Cover Mapping in Complex Terrain John McCombs, Scott Klopfer, Dave Morton, and Jeff Waldon	66
Compostitional Groups and Ecological Complexes: A Method for Alliance-Based Vegetation Mapping Leonard Pearlstine, Alexa McKerrow, Milo Pyne, Steve Williams, and Stacy McNulty	69
The NatureMapping Program's First Five Years Karen Dvornich	72
A Technique for Representing Diminishing Habitat Occupation: Feathering Predicted Species Distributions Near Range Limits in Maine Randall B. Boone and William B. Krohn	77
Comparison of Satellite Imagery Interpretation Using Known Association/Alliance-Level Data Vickie Smith, Chad Kopplin, Jonathan Jenks, Bruce Wylie, James Vogelmann, and Robert Klaver	84
Estimating and Mapping the Thematic Accuracy of GAP Land Cover Maps Roland Redmond	90
The Development of Mapping Zones to Assist in Land Cover Mapping Over Large Geographic Areas: A Case Study of the Southwest ReGAP Project Gerald Manis, Collin Homer, R. Douglas Ramsey, John Lowry, Todd Sajwaj, and Scott Graves	92
Expert Review for Land Cover: Integrating Information from Specific Comments and Evaluating the Results Geoffrey Henebry, James Merchant, Justin Fischer, and Douglas Garrison	98
Preclassification: An Ecologically Predictive Landform Model Gerald Manis, John Lowry, and R. Douglas Ramsey	103
A Methodological Study for Accuracy Assessment of GAP Land Cover Maps Sarah Nusser, Erwin Klaas, Carsten Botts, and Robin McNeely	108
Modeling Reptile and Amphibian Range Distributions from Species Occurrences and Landscape Variables Geoffrey Henebry, Brian Putz and James Merchant	116
Assessing the Accuracy of Gap Analysis Predicted Distribution of Idaho Amphibians and Reptiles Charles Peterson, Stephen Burton, David Pilliod, John Lee, John Cossel, Jr., and Robin Llewellyn	127
Chapter 3: Analyses
An Evaluation of Proposed New park Units in Idaho using Gap Analysis Data R. Gerald Wright, Joel Hall, and James G. MacCracken	136
Steps in Strategies to Manage Biodiversity: Identification, Selection, and Design of Special Management Areas Blair Csuti	137
Use of Gap Analysis Data to Establish Goals and Priorities for Individual Land Management Units - National Wildlife Refuges in Washington State Christian Grue, Kelly Cassidy, Michael Smith, Karen Dvornich, Jane Cassady, and Susan Fregien	143
Modeling Grizzly Bear Habitat Suitability in Idaho David Mattson	148
Gap Analysis of the Vegetation of the Intermountain Semi-Desert Ecoregion David Stoms	150
Gap Analysis for Ant Species Craig Allen, L. Pearlstine, and D.P. Wojcik	152
Gap Analysis in Riverine Environments Scott Sowa	160
Final Report Summary: New Mexico Gap Analysis Project Bruce Thompson	164
Final Report Summary: Washington Gap Analysis Project Chris Grue, Kelly Cassidy, and Karen Dvornich	167
Final Report Summary: Wyoming Gap Analysis Project Tom Kohley	170
Final Report Summary: New York Aquatic GAP Pilot Project Marcia Meixler and Mark Bain	171
Biodiversity Predictions: Integrating Urban Growth Models with Land Cover Data and Species Habitat Information Christopher Cogan	174
A Method to Assess Risk of Habitat Loss to Development: A Colorado Case Study David Theobald, Donald Schrupp, and Lee O'Brien	180
Chapter 4: Tools
SPECTRUM - Satellite Image Interpretation with Automated Delineation: A Workshop-Based \|\|Assessment of SPECTRUM Software Gail Thelin, Wayne Myers, Ann Rasberry, and others	192
"Merge": Breakthrough Software for User-defined MMUs Ray Ford, Roland Redmond, Steve Barsness	197
Spectrum Software for Texas Gap Analysis Carlos Gonzalez-Rebeles, Nick Parker, Raymond Sims, Yonglun Lan, and Miguel Cano	200
Review of MetaMaker Jerry Cox	206
Decision Support Systems: New Tools for Data Users Patrick Crist	209
Taking Refuge-GAP a Step Further: The GAP Ecosystem Data Explorer Tool in the Roanoke-Tar-Neuse-Cape Fear Ecosystem Steven Williams, Casson Stallings, JohnAnn Shearer, and Alexa McKerrow	220
Chapter 5: Partnerships and Extension
A Discussion of the Adoption and Diffusion of Gap Analysis as a Technical Innovation Michael Jennings	226
The Indiana Gap Analysis Metaproject Approach Forest Clark	229
Expanding Roles for Gap Analysis Data in Arkansas Rob Dzur	232
Kansas: An Example of GAP Partnering Jack Cully and Glennis Kaufman	235
Conservation Planning and Local Governments Daryl Durham	238
First International Gap Analysis Project Carlos Gonzalez-Rebeles, Nick Parker, Vincent Burke, Michael Jennings, and Gerardo Ceballos	242
Partnerships Mike Scott	245
Illinois GAP Partners with Conservation 2000 Jocelyn Aycrigg, Mark Joselyn, Michael Jeffords, and Parick Brown	247
A Partnership Providing Field Data for Gap Analysis: Texas Tech Museum Nick C. Parker, Robert J. Baker, Robert D. Bradley, Clyde Jones, R. Richard Monk, David J. Schmidly, Raymond W. Sims, and Frank D. Yancy, II	253
Incorporating Protection of Biodiversity into County Land Use Planning: A Gap Analysis Pilot Project in Pierce County, Washington Dough Pflugh, Wood Turner, Pat Iolavera, Frank Westerlund and Christian Grue	258
Barriers to Use of the GAP Database by Local and Regional Land Use Planners in New Mexico Russ Winn and Diane-Michele Prindeville	268
Chapter 6: Aquatic
The Aquatic Component of Gap Analysis Michael Jennings and Patricia Heglund	272
In Pursuit of the Aquatic Component of Gap Analysis Michael Jennings	274
Making Gap Analysis Work for New York Waters: A State Perspective on Aquatic Gap Mark Bain, and Marcia Meixler	277
Applying Gap Analysis Towards the Protection of an Endangered Species of Minnow (Notropis topeka) in South Dakota Steven Wall, Carmen Blausey, Jonathan Jenks, and Charles Berry, Jr.	280
Chapter 7: Miscellaneous
GAP Implementation/GAP Implementation Scorecard Sara Vickerman	288
What’s Hot: Some Recent Applications of GAP Data Elisabeth Brackney	289
Rule-Based Image Interpretation Alexa McKerrow, and Steven Williams	294
Applying Gap Analysis to County Land Use Planning in Washington State Matt Stevenson	280

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The Best of GAP

This publication includes the best articles from the first ten Gap Analysis Bulletins.

Chapter 1: Conservation

Chapter 2: Mapping

Chapter 3: Analyses

Chapter 4: Tools

Chapter 5: Partnerships and Extension

Chapter 6: Aquatic

Chapter 7: Miscellaneous